What is CPU?
CPU is the heart and brain of a computer.
It receives data as input.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is simply the central processor or the processor where most calculation takes places.
History of Central Processing Unit
In the 1940, mathematicians:
John Von Neumann
J. Presper Eckert
John Mauchly
Came up with the concept of the stored instruction digital computer.
On 1970’s a component of mainframe computer known as CPU is a steel cabinet bigger than a refrigerator full of circuit boards crowded with transistors.
In 1971 the first microprocessor invented. The 4004 microprocessor .
In 1972 The 8008 was the first of many 8- bit microprocessors to fuel the home computer revolution.
In 1979, Intel delivered the 8088 and IBM engineers used it for the first PC . From 8086.
Parts of System Units:
Motherboard
Memory
Bus
Expansion Slot
Ports and Connector
Bays
Power Supply
Sound Components
Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board of a microcomputer. It is also known as the mainboard or system board.
Memory: Memory is the part of the computer that temporarily stores applications, documents, and stem operating information.
Bus: A bus is an electronic line that allows 1s and 0s to move from one place to another.
Expansion Slots: Expansions slots appear on the motherboard. They are sockets into which adapters are connected.
Ports and Connectors: A port is a connector located on the motherboard or on a separate adapter.
Bays: A bay is a space inside the computer case where a hard drive, floppy drive or CD-ROM drive sits
Power Supply: A power supply changes normal household electricity into electricity that a computer can use.
Sound Components : A sound card lets a computer play and record high quality sound.
Components of CPU:
Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Memory Unit/Register
Arrangement of Components:
ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit):
It performs two types of operations
1. Arithmetic Operations.
2. Logical Operations.
Arithmetic Operations:
Logical Operations:
Logical AND
Logical OR
Logical NOT
Logical EXCLUSIVE OR
 |
| AND |
 |
| OR |
 |
| NOT |
 |
| XOR |
CU (Control Unit):
It reads and instructions from memory and transforms them into a series of signals to activate other parts of the computer.
Controls the operations that takes place in various parts of a computer by sending electronic signals.
MU/Register(Memory Unit):
Is the part of the computer that holds data and instructions for processing.
Functions of the CPU
Fetch: Taking the instruction from the memory.
Decode: Translating and decoding Assembly code binary instructions which are understandable to your CPU.
Execute: Execute calculation, move data and jump to different address.
Store: CPU dive some data after executing the instruction and store data being instructed.
